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Roof  or Black Rats

 

Rattus rattus (L.) -- Rodentia:  Muridae

 

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     The black rat, also known as the roof rat, ship rat, or house rat, is a common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus Rattus, in the subfamily Murinae.  It likely originated in the Indian subcontinent, but is now found worldwide

 

       Roof rats have been in California for an unknown number of years.  They are especially harmful in urban areas where their habit of chewing on electric wires cause power outages.  When they enter garages they chew on automobiles with exposed electric wires, causing malfunctions. 

 

REFERENCES:

 

Alderton, D.  1996.   Rodents of the World.  Diane Publishing Company.

 

Baig, M.; Khan, S.; Eager, H.; Atkulwar, A. & Searle, J. B.   2019.  Phylogeography of the black rat Rattus rattus in India and the implications for its dispersal history in Eurasia.   Biological Invasions. 21 (2): 417–433.

 

Barnes, Ethne.  2007.   Diseases and Human Evolution,  University of New Mexico Press,  p. 247.

 

Bollet, Alfred J.  2004.   Plagues & Poxes: The Impact of Human History on Epidemic Disease.  Demos Medical Publishing,

 

Boschert, Ken.  1991.  Rat Bacterial Diseases. Net Vet and the Electronic Zoo.  Archived from the original on 18 October 1996.

 

Carrick, Tracy Hamler; Carrick, Nancy &  Finsen, Lawrence.  1997.  The Persuasive Pen: An Integrated Approach to Reasoning and Writing.   Jones and Bartlett Learning, p. 162.

 

Chiba, S.  2010.  Invasive Rats Alter Assemblage Characteristics of Land Snails in the Ogasawara Islands.  Biological Conservation. 143 (6): 1558–63.

 

Clark, D. A.  1982.   Foraging behavior of vertebrate omnivore (Rattus rattus): Meal structure, sampling, and diet breadth.  Ecology. 63 (3): 763–772.

 

Cox, M. P. G.; Dickman, C. R. & Cox, W. G.  2000.  Use of habitat by the black rat (Rattus rattus) at North Head, New South Wales: an observational and experimental study.  Austral Ecology. 25 (4): 375–385.

 

Donald W. Engels.  1999.   Classical Cats: The Rise and Fall of the Sacred Cat.  Routledge. p. 111.

 

Dowding, J. E. & Murphy, E. C.  1994.  Ecology of Ship Rats (Rattus rattus) in a Kauri (Agathis australis) Forest in Northland, New Zealand.  New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 18 (1): 19–28.

 

Grant-Hoffman, M. N.; Mulder, C. P.  &  Belingham, P. J.  2009.  Invasive Rats Alter Woody Seedling Composition on Seabird-dominated Islands in New Zealand.   Oecologia. 163 (2): 449–60.

 

Hafidzi, M. N.; Zakry, F. A. A. & Saadiah, A.  2007.   Ectoparasites of Rattus sp. from Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. Pertanika.   Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science. 30 (1): 11–16.

 

Hays, J. N.  2005.  Epidemics and Pandemics: Their Impacts on Human History.  ABC-CLIO, 978-1-85109-658-9, p. 64.

 

Jackson, Michael; Hartley, Stephen & Linklater, Wayne.  2016.  Better food-based baits and lures for invasive rats Rattus spp. and the brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula: a bioassay on wild, free-ranging animals.   Journal of Pest Science. 89 (2): 479–488.

 

Innes, J; Warburton, B; Williams, D; et al.  1995.   Large-Scale Poisoning of Ship Rats (Rattus rattus) in Indigenous Forests of the North Island, New Zealand.  New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 19 (1): 5–17.

 

Last, John M.   2010.  Black Death.  Encyclopedia of Public Health, eNotes. December 2010.

 

Linnæus, C.  1758.   Mus rattus. Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I (in Latin) (Decima, reformata ed.). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. p. 61.

 

McCormick, M.  2003.  Rats, Communications, and Plague: Toward an Ecological History.  Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 34 (1): 1–25.

 

Meerburg, B. G., Singleton, G. R. & Kijlstra A.  2009.  Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health.  Critcal Rev. Microbiology. 35 (3): 221–270.

 

Pryde, M; Dilks, P.  &  Fraser, Ian.  2005.   The home range of ship rats (Rattus rattus) in beech forest in the Eglinton Valley, Fiordland, New Zealand: a pilot study.  New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 32 (3): 139–42..

 

Rackham, J.  1979.  Rattus rattus: The introduction of the black rat into Britain.  Antiquity. 53 (208): 112–120.

 

Schmid, B.V.; Büntgen, U.; Easterday, W.R.; Ginzler, C.; Walløe, L.; Bramanti, B. & Stenseth, N. C.  2015.  Climate-driven introduction of the Black Death and successive plague reintroductions into Europe.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (10): 3020–3025.

 

Schwartz, Charles Walsh &  Schwartz, Elizabeth Reeder.  2001.  The Wild Mammals of Missouri.  University of Missouri Press.

 

Vernes, K; Mcgrath, K.  2009.  Are Introduced Black Rats (Rattus rattus) a Functional Replacement for Mycophagous Native Rodents in Fragmented Forests?   Fungal Ecology. 2 (3): 145–48

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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